Birmingham | 2026-MAR-SDC | Joy Opachavalit | Sprint 5 |Prep exercises

.gitignore

@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 node_modules
+**/.venv/

sprint5-prep-exercises/classes_and_objects.py

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+class Person:
+    def __init__(self, name: str, age: int, preferred_operating_system: str) -> None:
+        self.name = name
+        self.age = age
+        self.preferred_operating_system = preferred_operating_system
+
+
+def is_adult(person: Person) -> bool:
+    return person.age >= 18
+
+
+def get_postal_address(person: Person) -> str:
+    return person.address
+
+
+imran = Person("Imran", 22, "Ubuntu")
+eliza = Person("Eliza", 34, "Arch Linux")
+
+print(imran.name)
+print(eliza.name)
+print(is_adult(imran))
+print(is_adult(eliza))

sprint5-prep-exercises/dataclass_exercise.py

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+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from datetime import date
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class Person:
+    name: str
+    date_of_birth: date
+    preferred_operating_system: str
+
+    def is_adult(self) -> bool:
+        today = date.today()
+        has_had_birthday_this_year = (today.month, today.day) >= (
+            self.date_of_birth.month,
+            self.date_of_birth.day,
+        )
+        age = today.year - self.date_of_birth.year
+        if not has_had_birthday_this_year:
+            age -= 1
+        return age >= 18
+
+
+imran = Person("Imran", date(2002, 6, 15), "Ubuntu")
+imran2 = Person("Imran", date(2002, 6, 15), "Ubuntu")
+eliza = Person("Eliza", date(1990, 11, 20), "Arch Linux")
+
+print(imran)
+print(imran == imran2)
+print(imran.is_adult())
+print(eliza.is_adult())

sprint5-prep-exercises/enums.py

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+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from enum import Enum
+import sys
+from typing import List
+
+
+class OperatingSystem(Enum):
+    MACOS = "macOS"
+    ARCH = "Arch Linux"
+    UBUNTU = "Ubuntu"
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class Person:
+    name: str
+    age: int
+    preferred_operating_system: OperatingSystem
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class Laptop:
+    id: int
+    manufacturer: str
+    model: str
+    screen_size_in_inches: float
+    operating_system: OperatingSystem
+
+
+def find_possible_laptops(laptops: List[Laptop], person: Person) -> List[Laptop]:
+    possible_laptops = []
+    for laptop in laptops:
+        if laptop.operating_system == person.preferred_operating_system:
+            possible_laptops.append(laptop)
+    return possible_laptops
+
+
+def parse_age(raw_age: str) -> int:
+    age = int(raw_age)
+    if age <= 0:
+        raise ValueError("Age must be a positive integer")
+    return age
+
+
+def parse_operating_system(raw_operating_system: str) -> OperatingSystem:
+    normalised_value = raw_operating_system.strip().lower()
+    for operating_system in OperatingSystem:
+        if normalised_value == operating_system.value.lower() or normalised_value == operating_system.name.lower():
+            return operating_system
+
+    valid_values = ", ".join(operating_system.value for operating_system in OperatingSystem)
+    raise ValueError(f"Preferred operating system must be one of: {valid_values}")
+
+
+def create_person_from_input() -> Person:
+    name = input("Name: ").strip()
+    if not name:
+        raise ValueError("Name cannot be empty")
+
+    raw_age = input("Age: ").strip()
+    raw_operating_system = input("Preferred operating system (Ubuntu, Arch Linux, macOS): ").strip()
+
+    age = parse_age(raw_age)
+    preferred_operating_system = parse_operating_system(raw_operating_system)
+
+    return Person(name=name, age=age, preferred_operating_system=preferred_operating_system)
+
+
+def count_laptops_for_operating_system(laptops: List[Laptop], operating_system: OperatingSystem) -> int:
+    return sum(1 for laptop in laptops if laptop.operating_system == operating_system)
+
+
+def find_most_available_operating_system(laptops: List[Laptop]) -> OperatingSystem:
+    counts = {
+        operating_system: count_laptops_for_operating_system(laptops, operating_system)
+        for operating_system in OperatingSystem
+    }
+    return max(counts, key=lambda operating_system: counts[operating_system])
+
+def main() -> None:
+    laptops = [
+        Laptop(id=1, manufacturer="Dell", model="XPS", screen_size_in_inches=13, operating_system=OperatingSystem.ARCH),
+        Laptop(id=2, manufacturer="Dell", model="XPS", screen_size_in_inches=15, operating_system=OperatingSystem.UBUNTU),
+        Laptop(id=3, manufacturer="Dell", model="XPS", screen_size_in_inches=15, operating_system=OperatingSystem.UBUNTU),
+        Laptop(id=4, manufacturer="Apple", model="macBook", screen_size_in_inches=13, operating_system=OperatingSystem.MACOS),
+    ]
+
+    try:
+        person = create_person_from_input()
+    except ValueError as error:
+        print(error, file=sys.stderr)
+        raise SystemExit(1)
+
+    possible_laptops = find_possible_laptops(laptops, person)
+    preferred_count = len(possible_laptops)
+    print(f"The library has {preferred_count} laptop(s) with {person.preferred_operating_system.value}.")
+
+    best_operating_system = find_most_available_operating_system(laptops)
+    best_count = count_laptops_for_operating_system(laptops, best_operating_system)
+
+    if best_operating_system != person.preferred_operating_system and best_count > preferred_count:
+        print(
+            f"If you're willing to accept {best_operating_system.value}, "
+            f"you're more likely to get a laptop ({best_count} available)."
+        )
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

sprint5-prep-exercises/generics_exercise.py

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+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from datetime import date
+from typing import List
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class Person:
+    name: str
+    date_of_birth: date
+    children: List["Person"]
+
+    @property
+    def age(self) -> int:
+        today = date.today()
+        has_had_birthday_this_year = (today.month, today.day) >= (
+            self.date_of_birth.month,
+            self.date_of_birth.day,
+        )
+        years = today.year - self.date_of_birth.year
+        if not has_had_birthday_this_year:
+            years -= 1
+        return years
+
+
+fatma = Person(name="Fatma", date_of_birth=date(2017, 5, 3), children=[])
+aisha = Person(name="Aisha", date_of_birth=date(2019, 9, 12), children=[])
+
+imran = Person(name="Imran", date_of_birth=date(1991, 2, 10), children=[fatma, aisha])
+
+def print_family_tree(person: Person) -> None:
+    print(person.name)
+    for child in person.children:
+        print(f"- {child.name} ({child.age})")
+
+print_family_tree(imran)

sprint5-prep-exercises/inheritance.py

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+class Parent:
+    def __init__(self, first_name: str, last_name: str):
+        self.first_name = first_name
+        self.last_name = last_name
+
+    def get_name(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.first_name} {self.last_name}"
+
+
+class Child(Parent):
+    def __init__(self, first_name: str, last_name: str):
+        super().__init__(first_name, last_name)
+        self.previous_last_names: list[str] = []
+
+    def change_last_name(self, last_name: str) -> None:
+        self.previous_last_names.append(self.last_name)
+        self.last_name = last_name
+
+    def get_full_name(self) -> str:
+        suffix = ""
+        if len(self.previous_last_names) > 0:
+            suffix = f" (née {self.previous_last_names[0]})"
+        return f"{self.first_name} {self.last_name}{suffix}"
+
+person1 = Child("Elizaveta", "Alekseeva")
+print(person1.get_name())
+print(person1.get_full_name())
+person1.change_last_name("Tyurina")
+print(person1.get_name())
+print(person1.get_full_name())
+
+person2 = Parent("Elizaveta", "Alekseeva")
+print(person2.get_name())
+if isinstance(person2, Child):
+    print(person2.get_full_name())
+    person2.change_last_name("Tyurina")
+    print(person2.get_name())
+    print(person2.get_full_name())
+else:
+    print("Parent does not have get_full_name() or change_last_name().")
+
+# Predictions vs actual output (play computer):
+# 1) Child inherits get_name() from Parent.
+# 2) Child-specific get_full_name() shows the maiden name after changing last name.
+# 3) Parent supports get_name() only; Child-only methods are unavailable on Parent.
+
+""" When I played computer, I predicted that Child would inherit get_name() from Parent, so person1.get_name() should work exactly like in Parent, while person1.get_full_name() would only exist on Child and add extra detail after a last-name change. Running the code confirmed this: before changing the name, both methods show “Elizaveta Alekseeva”, and after change_last_name("Tyurina"), get_full_name() includes the maiden-name suffix (née Alekseeva). For person2 (a Parent), only get_name() is available, which shows that inheritance gives Child all parent behavior plus additional child-specific methods, but not the other way around. """

sprint5-prep-exercises/methods.py

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+from datetime import date
+
+
+class Person:
+	def __init__(self, name: str, date_of_birth: date, preferred_operating_system: str) -> None:
+		self.name = name
+		self.date_of_birth = date_of_birth
+		self.preferred_operating_system = preferred_operating_system
+
+	def is_adult(self) -> bool:
+		today = date.today()
+		has_had_birthday_this_year = (today.month, today.day) >= (
+			self.date_of_birth.month,
+			self.date_of_birth.day,
+		)
+		age = today.year - self.date_of_birth.year
+		if not has_had_birthday_this_year:
+			age -= 1
+		return age >= 18
+
+
+imran = Person("Imran", date(2002, 6, 15), "Ubuntu")
+eliza = Person("Eliza", date(1990, 11, 20), "Arch Linux")
+
+print(imran.name)
+print(imran.is_adult())
+print(eliza.name)
+print(eliza.is_adult())

sprint5-prep-exercises/type_checking.py

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+def open_account(balances: dict[str, int], name: str, amount: int) -> None:
+    balances[name] = amount
+
+def sum_balances(accounts: dict[str, int]) -> int:
+    total = 0
+    for name, pence in accounts.items():
+        print(f"{name} had balance {pence}")
+        total += pence
+    return total
+
+def format_pence_as_string(total_pence: int) -> str:
+    if total_pence < 100:
+        return f"{total_pence}p"
+    pounds = int(total_pence / 100)
+    pence = total_pence % 100
+    return f"£{pounds}.{pence:02d}"
+
+balances = {
+    "Sima": 700,
+    "Linn": 545,
+    "Georg": 831,
+}
+
+open_account(balances, "Tobi", 913)
+open_account(balances, "Olya", 713)
+
+total_pence = sum_balances(balances)
+total_string = format_pence_as_string(total_pence)
+
+print(f"The bank accounts total {total_string}")

sprint5-prep-exercises/type_guided_refactorings.py

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+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import List
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class Person:
+    name: str
+    age: int
+    preferred_operating_systems: List[str]
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class Laptop:
+    id: int
+    manufacturer: str
+    model: str
+    screen_size_in_inches: float
+    operating_system: str
+
+
+def find_possible_laptops(laptops: List[Laptop], person: Person) -> List[Laptop]:
+    possible_laptops = []
+    for laptop in laptops:
+        if laptop.operating_system in person.preferred_operating_systems:
+            possible_laptops.append(laptop)
+    return possible_laptops
+
+
+people = [
+    Person(name="Imran", age=22, preferred_operating_systems=["Ubuntu", "Arch Linux"]),
+    Person(name="Eliza", age=34, preferred_operating_systems=["Arch Linux", "Ubuntu"]),
+]
+
+laptops = [
+    Laptop(id=1, manufacturer="Dell", model="XPS", screen_size_in_inches=13, operating_system="Arch Linux"),
+    Laptop(id=2, manufacturer="Dell", model="XPS", screen_size_in_inches=15, operating_system="Ubuntu"),
+    Laptop(id=3, manufacturer="Dell", model="XPS", screen_size_in_inches=15, operating_system="ubuntu"),
+    Laptop(id=4, manufacturer="Apple", model="macBook", screen_size_in_inches=13, operating_system="macOS"),
+]
+
+for person in people:
+    possible_laptops = find_possible_laptops(laptops, person)
+    print(f"Possible laptops for {person.name}: {possible_laptops}")