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ericgregory merged 6 commits into from
Jun 9, 2026
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Add Languages page with support matrix #55

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5b804a2
Add Languages page with support chart
ericgregory Dec 16, 2025
cad3a7f
update GraalWasm link and clarify notes
ericgregory Dec 18, 2025
f5aa7ed
update GraalVM link and notes
ericgregory Dec 19, 2025
37d2562
Reframe Languages page around modules and components; refresh matrix
ericgregory Jun 9, 2026
eec0724
Fix broken cross-doc links in Languages page
ericgregory Jun 9, 2026
92b84f0
Align Languages page cross-doc links with current main
ericgregory Jun 9, 2026
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58 changes: 58 additions & 0 deletions docs/languages.md
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---
title: "Languages"
sidebar_position: 2.5
---
## Language support

The languages below can be compiled to WebAssembly with WASI support. Some toolchains produce **components** built to the [Component Model](https://component-model.bytecodealliance.org/) (and can use WASI 0.2 or 0.3), while others produce core Wasm **modules** (which can use WASI 0.1). Some languages have first-party support, while others rely on externally maintained tools.

| Language | Name | Output | WASI Version | Maintained By | Notes |
| ------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------- | ---------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| C and C++ | [`wasi-sdk`](https://github.com/WebAssembly/wasi-sdk) | Modules; components via `wasm-tools component new` | 0.1, 0.2 | W3C Wasm CG | 0.3 toolchain support is not yet shipped |
| C# | [`componentize-dotnet`](https://github.com/bytecodealliance/componentize-dotnet) | Components | 0.2 | Bytecode Alliance | Pre-release toolchain |
| Go | Upstream Go (`GOOS=wasip1`) | Modules | 0.1 | Go Project | |
| Go | [`go-modules`](https://github.com/bytecodealliance/go-modules); [TinyGo](https://tinygo.org/) | Components | 0.2 | Bytecode Alliance; TinyGo Project | |
| Java | [GraalVM](https://www.graalvm.org/) | Planned | Planned | Oracle | Planned: see the [tracking issue](https://github.com/oracle/graal/issues/9762), [roadmap](https://github.com/orgs/oracle/projects/21/views/1), and [presentation](https://youtu.be/uefc2t9AmQI?t=1218) |
| JavaScript and TypeScript | [`jco`](https://github.com/bytecodealliance/jco) | Components | 0.2; 0.3 in progress | Bytecode Alliance | The `preview3-shim` package ships P3 host bindings; streams support landed, futures support following |
| Kotlin | [Kotlin](https://kotlinlang.org/docs/wasm-wasi.html) | Modules | 0.2 | JetBrains | Implementation in progress; see the [tracking issue](https://youtrack.jetbrains.com/issue/KT-64568) |
| MoonBit | MoonBit compiler with [`wit-bindgen` MoonBit backend](https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wit-bindgen/tree/main/crates/moonbit) | Modules; components via `wasm-tools component new` | 0.2 | MoonBit | |
| Python | [`componentize-py`](https://github.com/bytecodealliance/componentize-py) | Components | 0.2 | Bytecode Alliance | |
| Python | [`cpython`](https://snarky.ca/state-of-wasi-support-for-cpython-march-2024/) | Modules | 0.2 | Python | Implementation in progress |
| Ruby | [`ruby.wasm`](https://github.com/ruby/ruby.wasm) | Modules | 0.2 | Ruby | Implementation in progress |
| Rust | [`wasm32-wasip2`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustc/platform-support/wasm32-wasip2.html) and [`wasm32-wasip3`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/rustc/platform-support/wasm32-wasip3.html) compiler targets | Modules and components | 0.1, 0.2; 0.3 nightly | Rust Project | `wasm32-wasip2` is Tier 2 on stable; `wasm32-wasip3` is Tier 3, nightly only. See the [0.2 introduction](https://blog.rust-lang.org/2024/04/09/updates-to-rusts-wasi-targets/) and [0.2 stabilization](https://blog.rust-lang.org/2024/11/26/wasip2-tier-2/) |
| Swift | [Swift](https://www.swift.org/) | Planned | Planned | Swift | Planned: see the [accepted roadmap vision](https://forums.swift.org/t/accepted-vision-a-vision-for-webassembly-support-in-swift/80332) |
| Zig | `zig build-exe -target wasm32-wasi` | Modules | 0.1 | Zig | No first-party Zig component toolchain |

### Notes

- **Modules vs components.** A Wasm **module** is a single binary in the core WebAssembly format and can use WASI 0.1. A **component** is built to the Component Model and can use WASI 0.2 or 0.3, gaining composability, cross-language interoperability, and richer interface types. See the [Interfaces](interfaces.md) and [Roadmap](roadmap.md) pages for more on the WASI releases.
- **Adapting modules to components.** Several toolchains produce core modules today and wrap them into components using [`wasm-tools component new`](https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasm-tools) with a P1-to-P2 adapter. This is the path for C/C++ and MoonBit.
- **WASI 0.3 ecosystem state.** Broad language-level P3 support is still landing. The Rust `wasm32-wasip3` target is Tier 3 (nightly only). `jco` ships a `preview3-shim` package with streams support landed and futures support following. Other toolchains have not yet shipped P3 support.
- **Snapshot pinning.** When working with WASI 0.3, all WIT-aware tools must target the same snapshot (currently `0.3.0-rc-2026-03-15`). Mismatches surface as confusing `wrong type` errors at instantiation.

### Building guides

For hands-on guides covering setup and a "hello world" per language, see the Component Model documentation:

- [Rust](https://component-model.bytecodealliance.org/language-support/building-a-simple-component/rust.html)
- [JavaScript](https://component-model.bytecodealliance.org/language-support/building-a-simple-component/javascript.html)
- [Python](https://component-model.bytecodealliance.org/language-support/building-a-simple-component/python.html)
- [Go](https://component-model.bytecodealliance.org/language-support/building-a-simple-component/go.html)
- [C](https://component-model.bytecodealliance.org/language-support/building-a-simple-component/c.html)
- [C#](https://component-model.bytecodealliance.org/language-support/building-a-simple-component/csharp.html)
- [MoonBit](https://component-model.bytecodealliance.org/language-support/building-a-simple-component/moonbit.html)

### Bindings generators

The bindings generators below provide a way to make Wasm function calls using [interfaces](interfaces.md) in a given language.

| From | To | Name |
| -------------------- | -------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Wasm Interface Types | C | [wit-bindgen c](https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wit-bindgen/tree/main/crates/c) |
| Wasm Interface Types | C++ | [wit-bindgen cpp](https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wit-bindgen/tree/main/crates/cpp) |
| Wasm Interface Types | C# | [wit-bindgen csharp](https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wit-bindgen/tree/main/crates/csharp) |
| Wasm Interface Types | JSON Schema | [component2json](https://github.com/microsoft/wassette/tree/main/crates/component2json) |
| Wasm Interface Types | Markdown | [wit-bindgen markdown](https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wit-bindgen/tree/main/crates/markdown) |
| Wasm Interface Types | Moonbit | [wit-bindgen moonbit](https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wit-bindgen/tree/main/crates/moonbit) |
| Wasm Interface Types | Rust | [wit-bindgen rust](https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wit-bindgen/tree/main/crates/guest-rust) |
| WebIDL | Wasm Interface Types | [webidl2wit](https://github.com/wasi-gfx/webidl2wit) |
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