diff --git a/buildSrc/src/main/groovy/org/apache/beam/gradle/BeamModulePlugin.groovy b/buildSrc/src/main/groovy/org/apache/beam/gradle/BeamModulePlugin.groovy
index 9f34fb54e47b..61dbfa518b43 100644
--- a/buildSrc/src/main/groovy/org/apache/beam/gradle/BeamModulePlugin.groovy
+++ b/buildSrc/src/main/groovy/org/apache/beam/gradle/BeamModulePlugin.groovy
@@ -853,6 +853,7 @@ class BeamModulePlugin implements Plugin<Project> {
         log4j2_log4j12_api                          : "org.apache.logging.log4j:log4j-1.2-api:$log4j2_version",
         mockito_core                                : "org.mockito:mockito-core:4.11.0",
         mockito_inline                              : "org.mockito:mockito-inline:4.11.0",
+        mockito_junit_jupiter                       : "org.mockito:mockito-junit-jupiter:4.11.0",
         mongo_java_driver                           : "org.mongodb:mongodb-driver-sync:5.5.0",
         mongo_bson                                  : "org.mongodb:bson:5.5.0",
         mongodb_driver_core                         : "org.mongodb:mongodb-driver-core:5.5.0",
diff --git a/sdks/java/extensions/opentelemetry-gcp-auth-extension/build.gradle b/sdks/java/extensions/opentelemetry-gcp-auth-extension/build.gradle
index 1b08b867b291..a1e18805bf3f 100644
--- a/sdks/java/extensions/opentelemetry-gcp-auth-extension/build.gradle
+++ b/sdks/java/extensions/opentelemetry-gcp-auth-extension/build.gradle
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ dependencies {
   testImplementation library.java.junit
   testImplementation library.java.mockito_core
   testImplementation library.java.mockito_inline
+  testImplementation library.java.mockito_junit_jupiter
   testImplementation library.java.jupiter_api
   testImplementation library.java.jupiter_params
   testRuntimeOnly library.java.jupiter_engine
diff --git a/sdks/java/extensions/opentelemetry-gcp-auth-extension/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/extensions/opentelemetry/gcp/auth/ConfigurableOption.java b/sdks/java/extensions/opentelemetry-gcp-auth-extension/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/extensions/opentelemetry/gcp/auth/ConfigurableOption.java
index e18e5693e3a1..8cdbe00af6ef 100644
--- a/sdks/java/extensions/opentelemetry-gcp-auth-extension/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/extensions/opentelemetry/gcp/auth/ConfigurableOption.java
+++ b/sdks/java/extensions/opentelemetry-gcp-auth-extension/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/extensions/opentelemetry/gcp/auth/ConfigurableOption.java
@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ enum ConfigurableOption {
    *   <li>{@code metrics} - Enables authentication for metric exports.
    *   <li>{@code traces} - Enables authentication for trace exports.
    *   <li>{@code all} - Enables authentication for all exports.
+   *   <li>{@code none} - Disables authentication for all exports.
    * </ul>
    *
    * <p>The values are case-sensitive. Whitespace around commas and values is ignored. Can be
diff --git a/sdks/java/extensions/opentelemetry-gcp-auth-extension/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/extensions/opentelemetry/gcp/auth/GcpAuthAutoConfigurationCustomizerProvider.java b/sdks/java/extensions/opentelemetry-gcp-auth-extension/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/extensions/opentelemetry/gcp/auth/GcpAuthAutoConfigurationCustomizerProvider.java
index ce2b142591bd..453fb5717008 100644
--- a/sdks/java/extensions/opentelemetry-gcp-auth-extension/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/extensions/opentelemetry/gcp/auth/GcpAuthAutoConfigurationCustomizerProvider.java
+++ b/sdks/java/extensions/opentelemetry-gcp-auth-extension/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/extensions/opentelemetry/gcp/auth/GcpAuthAutoConfigurationCustomizerProvider.java
@@ -20,15 +20,20 @@
 import static io.opentelemetry.api.common.AttributeKey.stringKey;
 import static java.util.Arrays.stream;
 import static java.util.stream.Collectors.joining;
+import static java.util.stream.Collectors.toList;
 import static java.util.stream.Collectors.toMap;
 
 import com.google.auth.oauth2.GoogleCredentials;
 import com.google.auto.service.AutoService;
 import io.opentelemetry.api.common.Attributes;
 import io.opentelemetry.exporter.otlp.http.metrics.OtlpHttpMetricExporter;
+import io.opentelemetry.exporter.otlp.http.metrics.OtlpHttpMetricExporterBuilder;
 import io.opentelemetry.exporter.otlp.http.trace.OtlpHttpSpanExporter;
+import io.opentelemetry.exporter.otlp.http.trace.OtlpHttpSpanExporterBuilder;
 import io.opentelemetry.exporter.otlp.metrics.OtlpGrpcMetricExporter;
+import io.opentelemetry.exporter.otlp.metrics.OtlpGrpcMetricExporterBuilder;
 import io.opentelemetry.exporter.otlp.trace.OtlpGrpcSpanExporter;
+import io.opentelemetry.exporter.otlp.trace.OtlpGrpcSpanExporterBuilder;
 import io.opentelemetry.sdk.autoconfigure.spi.AutoConfigurationCustomizer;
 import io.opentelemetry.sdk.autoconfigure.spi.AutoConfigurationCustomizerProvider;
 import io.opentelemetry.sdk.autoconfigure.spi.ConfigProperties;
@@ -41,8 +46,9 @@
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Objects;
 import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.logging.Level;
+import java.util.logging.Logger;
 import javax.annotation.Nonnull;
-import javax.annotation.Nullable;
 import org.apache.beam.sdk.annotations.Internal;
 import org.apache.beam.sdk.extensions.opentelemetry.gcp.auth.GoogleAuthException.Reason;
 
@@ -62,25 +68,34 @@
  * @see AutoConfigurationCustomizerProvider
  * @see GoogleCredentials
  */
-@AutoService(AutoConfigurationCustomizerProvider.class)
 @Internal
+@AutoService(AutoConfigurationCustomizerProvider.class)
 public class GcpAuthAutoConfigurationCustomizerProvider
     implements AutoConfigurationCustomizerProvider {
 
+  private static final Logger LOG =
+      Logger.getLogger(GcpAuthAutoConfigurationCustomizerProvider.class.getName());
+  private static final String SIGNAL_TARGET_WARNING_FIX_SUGGESTION =
+      String.format(
+          "You may safely ignore this warning if it is intentional, otherwise please configure the '%s' by exporting valid values to environment variable: %s or by setting valid values in system property: %s.",
+          ConfigurableOption.GOOGLE_OTEL_AUTH_TARGET_SIGNALS.getUserReadableName(),
+          ConfigurableOption.GOOGLE_OTEL_AUTH_TARGET_SIGNALS.getEnvironmentVariable(),
+          ConfigurableOption.GOOGLE_OTEL_AUTH_TARGET_SIGNALS.getSystemProperty());
+
   static final String QUOTA_USER_PROJECT_HEADER = "x-goog-user-project";
   static final String GCP_USER_PROJECT_ID_KEY = "gcp.project_id";
 
   static final String SIGNAL_TYPE_TRACES = "traces";
   static final String SIGNAL_TYPE_METRICS = "metrics";
   static final String SIGNAL_TYPE_ALL = "all";
-
-  private @Nullable GoogleCredentials credentials;
+  static final String SIGNAL_TYPE_NONE = "none";
 
   /**
    * Customizes the provided {@link AutoConfigurationCustomizer} such that authenticated exports to
    * GCP Telemetry API are possible from the configured OTLP exporter.
    *
-   * <p>This method performs the following:
+   * <p>This method attempts to retrieve Google Application Default Credentials (ADC) and performs
+   * the following:
    *
    * <ul>
    *   <li>Verifies whether the configured OTLP endpoint (base or signal specific) is a known GCP
@@ -99,10 +114,32 @@ public class GcpAuthAutoConfigurationCustomizerProvider
    */
   @Override
   public void customize(@Nonnull AutoConfigurationCustomizer autoConfiguration) {
+    java.util.function.Supplier<GoogleCredentials> credentialsSupplier =
+        new java.util.function.Supplier<GoogleCredentials>() {
+          private @javax.annotation.Nullable GoogleCredentials credentials;
+
+          @Override
+          public synchronized GoogleCredentials get() {
+            if (credentials == null) {
+              try {
+                credentials = GoogleCredentials.getApplicationDefault();
+              } catch (IOException e) {
+                throw new GoogleAuthException(Reason.FAILED_ADC_RETRIEVAL, e);
+              }
+            }
+            return credentials;
+          }
+        };
     autoConfiguration
-        .addSpanExporterCustomizer(this::customizeSpanExporter)
-        .addMetricExporterCustomizer(this::customizeMetricExporter)
-        .addResourceCustomizer(this::customizeResource);
+        .addSpanExporterCustomizer(
+            (spanExporter, configProperties) ->
+                customizeSpanExporter(spanExporter, credentialsSupplier, configProperties))
+        .addMetricExporterCustomizer(
+            (metricExporter, configProperties) ->
+                customizeMetricExporter(metricExporter, credentialsSupplier, configProperties))
+        .addResourceCustomizer(
+            (resource, configProperties) ->
+                customizeResource(resource, credentialsSupplier, configProperties));
   }
 
   @Override
@@ -110,136 +147,106 @@ public int order() {
     return Integer.MAX_VALUE - 1;
   }
 
-  private synchronized GoogleCredentials getCredentials() {
-    if (credentials == null) {
-      try {
-        credentials = GoogleCredentials.getApplicationDefault();
-      } catch (IOException e) {
-        throw new GoogleAuthException(Reason.FAILED_ADC_RETRIEVAL, e);
-      }
-    }
-    return credentials;
-  }
-
-  private SpanExporter customizeSpanExporter(
-      SpanExporter exporter, ConfigProperties configProperties) {
+  private static SpanExporter customizeSpanExporter(
+      SpanExporter exporter,
+      java.util.function.Supplier<GoogleCredentials> credentialsSupplier,
+      ConfigProperties configProperties) {
     if (isSignalTargeted(SIGNAL_TYPE_TRACES, configProperties)) {
-      return addAuthorizationHeaders(exporter, configProperties);
+      return addAuthorizationHeaders(exporter, credentialsSupplier.get(), configProperties);
+    } else {
+      String[] params = {
+        SIGNAL_TYPE_TRACES, SIGNAL_TYPE_NONE, SIGNAL_TARGET_WARNING_FIX_SUGGESTION
+      };
+      LOG.log(
+          Level.WARNING,
+          "GCP Authentication Extension is not configured for signal type: {0} or is configured with signal type: {1}. {2}",
+          params);
     }
     return exporter;
   }
 
-  private MetricExporter customizeMetricExporter(
-      MetricExporter exporter, ConfigProperties configProperties) {
+  private static MetricExporter customizeMetricExporter(
+      MetricExporter exporter,
+      java.util.function.Supplier<GoogleCredentials> credentialsSupplier,
+      ConfigProperties configProperties) {
     if (isSignalTargeted(SIGNAL_TYPE_METRICS, configProperties)) {
-      return addAuthorizationHeaders(exporter, configProperties);
+      return addAuthorizationHeaders(exporter, credentialsSupplier.get(), configProperties);
+    } else {
+      String[] params = {
+        SIGNAL_TYPE_METRICS, SIGNAL_TYPE_NONE, SIGNAL_TARGET_WARNING_FIX_SUGGESTION
+      };
+      LOG.log(
+          Level.WARNING,
+          "GCP Authentication Extension is not configured for signal type: {0} or is configured with signal type: {1}. {2}",
+          params);
     }
     return exporter;
   }
 
   // Checks if the auth extension is configured to target the passed signal for authentication.
   private static boolean isSignalTargeted(String checkSignal, ConfigProperties configProperties) {
-    String endpoint = configProperties.getString("otel.exporter.otlp." + checkSignal + ".endpoint");
-    if (endpoint == null) {
-      endpoint = configProperties.getString("otel.exporter.otlp.endpoint");
-    }
-    if (endpoint == null) {
-      return false;
-    }
-
-    try {
-      java.net.URI uri = new java.net.URI(endpoint);
-      String host = uri.getHost();
-      String scheme = uri.getScheme();
-      if (host == null
-          || scheme == null
-          || !scheme.equalsIgnoreCase("https")
-          || (!host.equalsIgnoreCase("telemetry.googleapis.com")
-              && !host.equalsIgnoreCase("telemetry.mtls.googleapis.com"))) {
-        return false;
-      }
-    } catch (java.net.URISyntaxException e) {
-      return false;
-    }
-
     String userSpecifiedTargetedSignals =
         ConfigurableOption.GOOGLE_OTEL_AUTH_TARGET_SIGNALS.getConfiguredValueWithFallback(
             configProperties, () -> SIGNAL_TYPE_ALL);
-    return stream(userSpecifiedTargetedSignals.split(","))
-        .map(String::trim)
-        .anyMatch(
-            targetedSignal ->
-                targetedSignal.equals(checkSignal) || targetedSignal.equals(SIGNAL_TYPE_ALL));
-  }
-
-  private boolean isAnySignalTargeted(ConfigProperties configProperties) {
-    return isSignalTargeted(SIGNAL_TYPE_TRACES, configProperties)
-        || isSignalTargeted(SIGNAL_TYPE_METRICS, configProperties);
+    List<String> targetedSignals =
+        stream(userSpecifiedTargetedSignals.split(",")).map(String::trim).collect(toList());
+    if (targetedSignals.contains(SIGNAL_TYPE_NONE)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    return targetedSignals.contains(checkSignal) || targetedSignals.contains(SIGNAL_TYPE_ALL);
   }
 
   // Adds authorization headers to the calls made by the OtlpGrpcSpanExporter and
   // OtlpHttpSpanExporter.
-  private SpanExporter addAuthorizationHeaders(
-      SpanExporter exporter, ConfigProperties configProperties) {
+  private static SpanExporter addAuthorizationHeaders(
+      SpanExporter exporter, GoogleCredentials credentials, ConfigProperties configProperties) {
     if (exporter instanceof OtlpHttpSpanExporter) {
-      SpanExporter result =
+      OtlpHttpSpanExporterBuilder builder =
           ((OtlpHttpSpanExporter) exporter)
               .toBuilder()
-              .setHeaders(() -> getRequiredHeaderMap(configProperties))
-              .build();
-      exporter.shutdown();
-      return result;
+              .setHeaders(() -> getRequiredHeaderMap(credentials, configProperties));
+      return builder.build();
     } else if (exporter instanceof OtlpGrpcSpanExporter) {
-      SpanExporter result =
+      OtlpGrpcSpanExporterBuilder builder =
           ((OtlpGrpcSpanExporter) exporter)
               .toBuilder()
-              .setHeaders(() -> getRequiredHeaderMap(configProperties))
-              .build();
-      exporter.shutdown();
-      return result;
+              .setHeaders(() -> getRequiredHeaderMap(credentials, configProperties));
+      return builder.build();
     }
     return exporter;
   }
 
   // Adds authorization headers to the calls made by the OtlpGrpcMetricExporter and
   // OtlpHttpMetricExporter.
-  private MetricExporter addAuthorizationHeaders(
-      MetricExporter exporter, ConfigProperties configProperties) {
+  private static MetricExporter addAuthorizationHeaders(
+      MetricExporter exporter, GoogleCredentials credentials, ConfigProperties configProperties) {
     if (exporter instanceof OtlpHttpMetricExporter) {
-      MetricExporter result =
+      OtlpHttpMetricExporterBuilder builder =
           ((OtlpHttpMetricExporter) exporter)
               .toBuilder()
-              .setHeaders(() -> getRequiredHeaderMap(configProperties))
-              .build();
-      exporter.shutdown();
-      return result;
+              .setHeaders(() -> getRequiredHeaderMap(credentials, configProperties));
+      return builder.build();
     } else if (exporter instanceof OtlpGrpcMetricExporter) {
-      MetricExporter result =
+      OtlpGrpcMetricExporterBuilder builder =
           ((OtlpGrpcMetricExporter) exporter)
               .toBuilder()
-              .setHeaders(() -> getRequiredHeaderMap(configProperties))
-              .build();
-      exporter.shutdown();
-      return result;
+              .setHeaders(() -> getRequiredHeaderMap(credentials, configProperties));
+      return builder.build();
     }
     return exporter;
   }
 
-  private Map<String, String> getRequiredHeaderMap(ConfigProperties configProperties) {
-    GoogleCredentials creds = getCredentials();
+  private static Map<String, String> getRequiredHeaderMap(
+      GoogleCredentials credentials, ConfigProperties configProperties) {
     Map<String, List<String>> gcpHeaders;
     try {
       // this also refreshes the credentials, if required
-      gcpHeaders = creds.getRequestMetadata();
+      gcpHeaders = credentials.getRequestMetadata();
     } catch (IOException e) {
       throw new GoogleAuthException(Reason.FAILED_ADC_REFRESH, e);
     }
-    if (gcpHeaders == null) {
-      return Map.of();
-    }
     Map<String, String> flattenedHeaders =
         gcpHeaders.entrySet().stream()
-            .filter(entry -> entry.getKey() != null && entry.getValue() != null)
             .collect(
                 toMap(
                     Map.Entry::getKey,
@@ -262,16 +269,19 @@ private Map<String, String> getRequiredHeaderMap(ConfigProperties configProperti
   }
 
   // Updates the current resource with the attributes required for ingesting OTLP data on GCP.
-  private Resource customizeResource(Resource resource, ConfigProperties configProperties) {
-    if (!isAnySignalTargeted(configProperties)) {
+  private static Resource customizeResource(
+      Resource resource,
+      java.util.function.Supplier<GoogleCredentials> credentialsSupplier,
+      ConfigProperties configProperties) {
+    if (!isSignalTargeted(SIGNAL_TYPE_TRACES, configProperties)
+        && !isSignalTargeted(SIGNAL_TYPE_METRICS, configProperties)) {
       return resource;
     }
-
     String gcpProjectId;
     try {
       gcpProjectId = ConfigurableOption.GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT.getConfiguredValue(configProperties);
     } catch (ConfigurationException e) {
-      gcpProjectId = getCredentials().getProjectId();
+      gcpProjectId = credentialsSupplier.get().getProjectId();
       if (gcpProjectId == null || gcpProjectId.isEmpty()) {
         throw e;
       }
diff --git a/sdks/java/extensions/opentelemetry-gcp-auth-extension/src/test/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/extensions/opentelemetry/gcp/auth/GcpAuthAutoConfigurationCustomizerProviderTest.java b/sdks/java/extensions/opentelemetry-gcp-auth-extension/src/test/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/extensions/opentelemetry/gcp/auth/GcpAuthAutoConfigurationCustomizerProviderTest.java
index e1db55c3635b..92aa72c2a79d 100644
--- a/sdks/java/extensions/opentelemetry-gcp-auth-extension/src/test/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/extensions/opentelemetry/gcp/auth/GcpAuthAutoConfigurationCustomizerProviderTest.java
+++ b/sdks/java/extensions/opentelemetry-gcp-auth-extension/src/test/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/extensions/opentelemetry/gcp/auth/GcpAuthAutoConfigurationCustomizerProviderTest.java
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@
 import static org.apache.beam.sdk.extensions.opentelemetry.gcp.auth.GcpAuthAutoConfigurationCustomizerProvider.SIGNAL_TYPE_ALL;
 import static org.apache.beam.sdk.extensions.opentelemetry.gcp.auth.GcpAuthAutoConfigurationCustomizerProvider.SIGNAL_TYPE_METRICS;
 import static org.apache.beam.sdk.extensions.opentelemetry.gcp.auth.GcpAuthAutoConfigurationCustomizerProvider.SIGNAL_TYPE_TRACES;
-import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
@@ -58,6 +57,7 @@
 import io.opentelemetry.sdk.metrics.Aggregation;
 import io.opentelemetry.sdk.metrics.InstrumentType;
 import io.opentelemetry.sdk.metrics.data.AggregationTemporality;
+import io.opentelemetry.sdk.metrics.data.LongPointData;
 import io.opentelemetry.sdk.metrics.data.MetricData;
 import io.opentelemetry.sdk.metrics.export.MetricExporter;
 import io.opentelemetry.sdk.trace.data.SpanData;
@@ -80,9 +80,11 @@
 import javax.annotation.Nonnull;
 import javax.annotation.Nullable;
 import org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v32_1_2_jre.com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
+import org.junit.Assert;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
 import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
 import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.Arguments;
 import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.MethodSource;
@@ -92,12 +94,14 @@
 import org.mockito.MockedStatic;
 import org.mockito.Mockito;
 import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
+import org.mockito.junit.jupiter.MockitoExtension;
 import org.mockito.stubbing.Answer;
 
 /**
  * Copied from open-telemetry. Link:
  * https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java-contrib/blob/main/gcp-auth-extension/src/test/java/io/opentelemetry/contrib/gcp/auth/GcpAuthAutoConfigurationCustomizerProviderTest.java
  */
+@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)
 class GcpAuthAutoConfigurationCustomizerProviderTest {
 
   private static final String DUMMY_GCP_RESOURCE_PROJECT_ID = "my-gcp-resource-project-id";
@@ -109,36 +113,37 @@ class GcpAuthAutoConfigurationCustomizerProviderTest {
   @Captor private ArgumentCaptor<Supplier<Map<String, String>>> traceHeaderSupplierCaptor;
   @Captor private ArgumentCaptor<Supplier<Map<String, String>>> metricHeaderSupplierCaptor;
 
-  private static final ImmutableMap<String, String> DEFAULT_OTEL_PROPERTIES_SPAN_EXPORTER =
-      ImmutableMap.<String, String>builder()
-          .put("otel.exporter.otlp.traces.endpoint", "https://telemetry.googleapis.com/v1/traces")
-          .put("otel.traces.exporter", "otlp")
-          .put("otel.metrics.exporter", "none")
-          .put("otel.logs.exporter", "none")
-          .put("otel.resource.attributes", "foo=bar")
-          .build();
-
-  private static final ImmutableMap<String, String> DEFAULT_OTEL_PROPERTIES_METRIC_EXPORTER =
-      ImmutableMap.<String, String>builder()
-          .put("otel.exporter.otlp.metrics.endpoint", "https://telemetry.googleapis.com/v1/metrics")
-          .put("otel.traces.exporter", "none")
-          .put("otel.metrics.exporter", "otlp")
-          .put("otel.logs.exporter", "none")
-          .put("otel.resource.attributes", "foo=bar")
-          .build();
+  private static final ImmutableMap<String, String> defaultOtelPropertiesSpanExporter =
+      ImmutableMap.of(
+          "otel.exporter.otlp.traces.endpoint",
+          "https://telemetry.googleapis.com/v1/traces",
+          "otel.traces.exporter",
+          "otlp",
+          "otel.metrics.exporter",
+          "none",
+          "otel.logs.exporter",
+          "none",
+          "otel.resource.attributes",
+          "foo=bar");
+
+  private static final ImmutableMap<String, String> defaultOtelPropertiesMetricExporter =
+      ImmutableMap.of(
+          "otel.exporter.otlp.metrics.endpoint",
+          "https://telemetry.googleapis.com/v1/metrics",
+          "otel.traces.exporter",
+          "none",
+          "otel.metrics.exporter",
+          "otlp",
+          "otel.logs.exporter",
+          "none",
+          "otel.resource.attributes",
+          "foo=bar");
 
   @BeforeEach
   public void setup() {
     MockitoAnnotations.openMocks(this);
   }
 
-  @AfterEach
-  public void teardown() {
-    System.clearProperty(ConfigurableOption.GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT.getSystemProperty());
-    System.clearProperty(ConfigurableOption.GOOGLE_CLOUD_QUOTA_PROJECT.getSystemProperty());
-    System.clearProperty(ConfigurableOption.GOOGLE_OTEL_AUTH_TARGET_SIGNALS.getSystemProperty());
-  }
-
   // TODO: Use parameterized test for testing traces customizer for http & grpc.
   @Test
   void testTraceCustomizerOtlpHttp() {
@@ -236,7 +241,6 @@ void testTraceCustomizerOtlpGrpc() {
           .isTrue();
 
       Mockito.verify(mockOtlpGrpcSpanExporter, Mockito.atLeast(1)).export(Mockito.anyCollection());
-
       assertThat(exportedSpans).isNotEmpty();
       for (SpanData spanData : exportedSpans) {
         assertThat(spanData.getResource().getAttributes().asMap())
@@ -249,6 +253,7 @@ void testTraceCustomizerOtlpGrpc() {
     }
   }
 
+  // TODO: Use parameterized test for testing metrics customizer for http & grpc.
   @Test
   void testMetricCustomizerOtlpHttp() {
     // Set resource project system property
@@ -289,7 +294,6 @@ void testMetricCustomizerOtlpHttp() {
 
       Mockito.verify(mockOtlpHttpMetricExporter, Mockito.atLeast(1))
           .export(Mockito.anyCollection());
-
       assertThat(exportedMetrics).isNotEmpty();
       for (MetricData metricData : exportedMetrics) {
         assertThat(metricData.getResource().getAttributes().asMap())
@@ -298,9 +302,8 @@ void testMetricCustomizerOtlpHttp() {
         assertThat(metricData.getResource().getAttributes().asMap())
             .containsEntry(AttributeKey.stringKey("foo"), "bar");
         assertThat(metricData.getLongSumData().getPoints()).isNotEmpty();
-        for (io.opentelemetry.sdk.metrics.data.PointData pointData :
-            metricData.getLongSumData().getPoints()) {
-          assertThat(pointData.getAttributes().asMap())
+        for (LongPointData longPointData : metricData.getLongSumData().getPoints()) {
+          assertThat(longPointData.getAttributes().asMap())
               .containsKey(AttributeKey.longKey("work_loop"));
         }
       }
@@ -347,7 +350,6 @@ void testMetricCustomizerOtlpGrpc() {
 
       Mockito.verify(mockOtlpGrpcMetricExporter, Mockito.atLeast(1))
           .export(Mockito.anyCollection());
-
       assertThat(exportedMetrics).isNotEmpty();
       for (MetricData metricData : exportedMetrics) {
         assertThat(metricData.getResource().getAttributes().asMap())
@@ -356,9 +358,8 @@ void testMetricCustomizerOtlpGrpc() {
         assertThat(metricData.getResource().getAttributes().asMap())
             .containsEntry(AttributeKey.stringKey("foo"), "bar");
         assertThat(metricData.getLongSumData().getPoints()).isNotEmpty();
-        for (io.opentelemetry.sdk.metrics.data.PointData pointData :
-            metricData.getLongSumData().getPoints()) {
-          assertThat(pointData.getAttributes().asMap())
+        for (LongPointData longPointData : metricData.getLongSumData().getPoints()) {
+          assertThat(longPointData.getAttributes().asMap())
               .containsKey(AttributeKey.longKey("work_loop"));
         }
       }
@@ -375,8 +376,7 @@ void testCustomizerFailWithMissingResourceProject() {
       googleCredentialsMockedStatic
           .when(GoogleCredentials::getApplicationDefault)
           .thenReturn(mockedGoogleCredentials);
-
-      assertThrows(
+      Assert.assertThrows(
           ConfigurationException.class,
           () -> buildOpenTelemetrySdkWithExporter(mockOtlpGrpcSpanExporter));
     }
@@ -457,12 +457,16 @@ void testQuotaProjectBehavior(QuotaProjectIdTestBehavior testCase) throws IOExce
     }
   }
 
+  @AfterEach
+  void clearProperties() {
+    System.clearProperty("google.cloud.project");
+    System.clearProperty("google.otel.auth.target.signals");
+  }
+
   @ParameterizedTest
   @MethodSource("provideProjectIdBehaviorTestCases")
   @SuppressWarnings("CannotMockMethod")
   void testProjectIdBehavior(ProjectIdTestBehavior testCase) throws IOException {
-    System.clearProperty(ConfigurableOption.GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT.getSystemProperty());
-    System.clearProperty(ConfigurableOption.GOOGLE_OTEL_AUTH_TARGET_SIGNALS.getSystemProperty());
 
     // configure environment according to test case
     String userSpecifiedProjectId = testCase.getUserSpecifiedProjectId();
@@ -507,7 +511,7 @@ void testProjectIdBehavior(ProjectIdTestBehavior testCase) throws IOException {
 
       if (testCase.getExpectedToThrow()) {
         // expect exception to be thrown when project ID is not available
-        assertThrows(
+        Assert.assertThrows(
             ConfigurationException.class,
             () -> buildOpenTelemetrySdkWithExporter(mockOtlpGrpcSpanExporter));
         // verify getProjectId() was called to attempt fallback
@@ -626,14 +630,14 @@ private static Stream<Arguments> provideTargetSignalBehaviorTestCases() {
         Arguments.of(
             TargetSignalBehavior.builder()
                 .setConfiguredTargetSignals("traces")
-                .setUserSpecifiedOtelProperties(DEFAULT_OTEL_PROPERTIES_SPAN_EXPORTER)
+                .setUserSpecifiedOtelProperties(defaultOtelPropertiesSpanExporter)
                 .setExpectedIsMetricsSignalModified(false)
                 .setExpectedIsTraceSignalModified(true)
                 .build()),
         Arguments.of(
             TargetSignalBehavior.builder()
                 .setConfiguredTargetSignals("metrics")
-                .setUserSpecifiedOtelProperties(DEFAULT_OTEL_PROPERTIES_METRIC_EXPORTER)
+                .setUserSpecifiedOtelProperties(defaultOtelPropertiesMetricExporter)
                 .setExpectedIsMetricsSignalModified(true)
                 .setExpectedIsTraceSignalModified(false)
                 .build()),
@@ -641,17 +645,17 @@ private static Stream<Arguments> provideTargetSignalBehaviorTestCases() {
             TargetSignalBehavior.builder()
                 .setConfiguredTargetSignals("all")
                 .setUserSpecifiedOtelProperties(
-                    ImmutableMap.<String, String>builder()
-                        .put(
-                            "otel.exporter.otlp.metrics.endpoint",
-                            "https://telemetry.googleapis.com/v1/metrics")
-                        .put(
-                            "otel.exporter.otlp.traces.endpoint",
-                            "https://telemetry.googleapis.com/v1/traces")
-                        .put("otel.traces.exporter", "otlp")
-                        .put("otel.metrics.exporter", "otlp")
-                        .put("otel.logs.exporter", "none")
-                        .build())
+                    ImmutableMap.of(
+                        "otel.exporter.otlp.metrics.endpoint",
+                        "https://localhost:4813/v1/metrics",
+                        "otel.exporter.otlp.traces.endpoint",
+                        "https://localhost:4813/v1/traces",
+                        "otel.traces.exporter",
+                        "otlp",
+                        "otel.metrics.exporter",
+                        "otlp",
+                        "otel.logs.exporter",
+                        "none"))
                 .setExpectedIsMetricsSignalModified(true)
                 .setExpectedIsTraceSignalModified(true)
                 .build()),
@@ -659,17 +663,17 @@ private static Stream<Arguments> provideTargetSignalBehaviorTestCases() {
             TargetSignalBehavior.builder()
                 .setConfiguredTargetSignals("metrics, traces")
                 .setUserSpecifiedOtelProperties(
-                    ImmutableMap.<String, String>builder()
-                        .put(
-                            "otel.exporter.otlp.metrics.endpoint",
-                            "https://telemetry.googleapis.com/v1/metrics")
-                        .put(
-                            "otel.exporter.otlp.traces.endpoint",
-                            "https://telemetry.googleapis.com/v1/traces")
-                        .put("otel.traces.exporter", "otlp")
-                        .put("otel.metrics.exporter", "otlp")
-                        .put("otel.logs.exporter", "none")
-                        .build())
+                    ImmutableMap.of(
+                        "otel.exporter.otlp.metrics.endpoint",
+                        "https://localhost:4813/v1/metrics",
+                        "otel.exporter.otlp.traces.endpoint",
+                        "https://localhost:4813/v1/traces",
+                        "otel.traces.exporter",
+                        "otlp",
+                        "otel.metrics.exporter",
+                        "otlp",
+                        "otel.logs.exporter",
+                        "none"))
                 .setExpectedIsMetricsSignalModified(true)
                 .setExpectedIsTraceSignalModified(true)
                 .build()),
@@ -677,17 +681,17 @@ private static Stream<Arguments> provideTargetSignalBehaviorTestCases() {
             TargetSignalBehavior.builder()
                 .setConfiguredTargetSignals("")
                 .setUserSpecifiedOtelProperties(
-                    ImmutableMap.<String, String>builder()
-                        .put(
-                            "otel.exporter.otlp.metrics.endpoint",
-                            "https://telemetry.googleapis.com/v1/metrics")
-                        .put(
-                            "otel.exporter.otlp.traces.endpoint",
-                            "https://telemetry.googleapis.com/v1/traces")
-                        .put("otel.traces.exporter", "otlp")
-                        .put("otel.metrics.exporter", "otlp")
-                        .put("otel.logs.exporter", "none")
-                        .build())
+                    ImmutableMap.of(
+                        "otel.exporter.otlp.metrics.endpoint",
+                        "https://localhost:4813/v1/metrics",
+                        "otel.exporter.otlp.traces.endpoint",
+                        "https://localhost:4813/v1/traces",
+                        "otel.traces.exporter",
+                        "otlp",
+                        "otel.metrics.exporter",
+                        "otlp",
+                        "otel.logs.exporter",
+                        "none"))
                 .setExpectedIsMetricsSignalModified(true)
                 .setExpectedIsTraceSignalModified(true)
                 .build()),
@@ -697,9 +701,9 @@ private static Stream<Arguments> provideTargetSignalBehaviorTestCases() {
                 .setUserSpecifiedOtelProperties(
                     ImmutableMap.of(
                         "otel.exporter.otlp.metrics.endpoint",
-                        "https://telemetry.googleapis.com/v1/metrics",
+                        "https://localhost:4813/v1/metrics",
                         "otel.exporter.otlp.traces.endpoint",
-                        "https://telemetry.googleapis.com/v1/traces",
+                        "https://localhost:4813/v1/traces",
                         "otel.traces.exporter",
                         "none",
                         "otel.metrics.exporter",
@@ -713,17 +717,17 @@ private static Stream<Arguments> provideTargetSignalBehaviorTestCases() {
             TargetSignalBehavior.builder()
                 .setConfiguredTargetSignals("metric, trace")
                 .setUserSpecifiedOtelProperties(
-                    ImmutableMap.<String, String>builder()
-                        .put(
-                            "otel.exporter.otlp.metrics.endpoint",
-                            "https://telemetry.googleapis.com/v1/metrics")
-                        .put(
-                            "otel.exporter.otlp.traces.endpoint",
-                            "https://telemetry.googleapis.com/v1/traces")
-                        .put("otel.traces.exporter", "otlp")
-                        .put("otel.metrics.exporter", "otlp")
-                        .put("otel.logs.exporter", "none")
-                        .build())
+                    ImmutableMap.of(
+                        "otel.exporter.otlp.metrics.endpoint",
+                        "https://localhost:4813/v1/metrics",
+                        "otel.exporter.otlp.traces.endpoint",
+                        "https://localhost:4813/v1/traces",
+                        "otel.traces.exporter",
+                        "otlp",
+                        "otel.metrics.exporter",
+                        "otlp",
+                        "otel.logs.exporter",
+                        "none"))
                 .setExpectedIsMetricsSignalModified(false)
                 .setExpectedIsTraceSignalModified(false)
                 .build()),
@@ -731,19 +735,91 @@ private static Stream<Arguments> provideTargetSignalBehaviorTestCases() {
             TargetSignalBehavior.builder()
                 .setConfiguredTargetSignals("metrics, trace")
                 .setUserSpecifiedOtelProperties(
-                    ImmutableMap.<String, String>builder()
-                        .put(
-                            "otel.exporter.otlp.metrics.endpoint",
-                            "https://telemetry.googleapis.com/v1/metrics")
-                        .put(
-                            "otel.exporter.otlp.traces.endpoint",
-                            "https://telemetry.googleapis.com/v1/traces")
-                        .put("otel.traces.exporter", "otlp")
-                        .put("otel.metrics.exporter", "otlp")
-                        .put("otel.logs.exporter", "none")
-                        .build())
+                    ImmutableMap.of(
+                        "otel.exporter.otlp.metrics.endpoint",
+                        "https://localhost:4813/v1/metrics",
+                        "otel.exporter.otlp.traces.endpoint",
+                        "https://localhost:4813/v1/traces",
+                        "otel.traces.exporter",
+                        "otlp",
+                        "otel.metrics.exporter",
+                        "otlp",
+                        "otel.logs.exporter",
+                        "none"))
                 .setExpectedIsMetricsSignalModified(true)
                 .setExpectedIsTraceSignalModified(false)
+                .build()),
+        Arguments.of(
+            TargetSignalBehavior.builder()
+                .setConfiguredTargetSignals("none")
+                .setUserSpecifiedOtelProperties(
+                    ImmutableMap.of(
+                        "otel.exporter.otlp.metrics.endpoint",
+                        "https://localhost:4813/v1/metrics",
+                        "otel.exporter.otlp.traces.endpoint",
+                        "https://localhost:4813/v1/traces",
+                        "otel.traces.exporter",
+                        "otlp",
+                        "otel.metrics.exporter",
+                        "otlp",
+                        "otel.logs.exporter",
+                        "none"))
+                .setExpectedIsMetricsSignalModified(false)
+                .setExpectedIsTraceSignalModified(false)
+                .build()),
+        Arguments.of(
+            TargetSignalBehavior.builder()
+                .setConfiguredTargetSignals("metrics, trace, none")
+                .setUserSpecifiedOtelProperties(
+                    ImmutableMap.of(
+                        "otel.exporter.otlp.metrics.endpoint",
+                        "https://localhost:4813/v1/metrics",
+                        "otel.exporter.otlp.traces.endpoint",
+                        "https://localhost:4813/v1/traces",
+                        "otel.traces.exporter",
+                        "otlp",
+                        "otel.metrics.exporter",
+                        "otlp",
+                        "otel.logs.exporter",
+                        "none"))
+                .setExpectedIsMetricsSignalModified(false)
+                .setExpectedIsTraceSignalModified(false)
+                .build()),
+        Arguments.of(
+            TargetSignalBehavior.builder()
+                .setConfiguredTargetSignals("all, none")
+                .setUserSpecifiedOtelProperties(
+                    ImmutableMap.of(
+                        "otel.exporter.otlp.metrics.endpoint",
+                        "https://localhost:4813/v1/metrics",
+                        "otel.exporter.otlp.traces.endpoint",
+                        "https://localhost:4813/v1/traces",
+                        "otel.traces.exporter",
+                        "otlp",
+                        "otel.metrics.exporter",
+                        "otlp",
+                        "otel.logs.exporter",
+                        "none"))
+                .setExpectedIsMetricsSignalModified(false)
+                .setExpectedIsTraceSignalModified(false)
+                .build()),
+        Arguments.of(
+            TargetSignalBehavior.builder()
+                .setConfiguredTargetSignals("metrics, none")
+                .setUserSpecifiedOtelProperties(
+                    ImmutableMap.of(
+                        "otel.exporter.otlp.metrics.endpoint",
+                        "https://localhost:4813/v1/metrics",
+                        "otel.exporter.otlp.traces.endpoint",
+                        "https://localhost:4813/v1/traces",
+                        "otel.traces.exporter",
+                        "otlp",
+                        "otel.metrics.exporter",
+                        "otlp",
+                        "otel.logs.exporter",
+                        "none"))
+                .setExpectedIsMetricsSignalModified(false)
+                .setExpectedIsTraceSignalModified(false)
                 .build()));
   }
 
@@ -1114,7 +1190,7 @@ private void prepareMockBehaviorForGoogleCredentials() {
 
   private OpenTelemetrySdk buildOpenTelemetrySdkWithExporter(SpanExporter spanExporter) {
     return buildOpenTelemetrySdkWithExporter(
-        spanExporter, OtlpHttpMetricExporter.getDefault(), DEFAULT_OTEL_PROPERTIES_SPAN_EXPORTER);
+        spanExporter, OtlpHttpMetricExporter.getDefault(), defaultOtelPropertiesSpanExporter);
   }
 
   @SuppressWarnings("UnusedMethod")
@@ -1126,7 +1202,7 @@ private OpenTelemetrySdk buildOpenTelemetrySdkWithExporter(
 
   private OpenTelemetrySdk buildOpenTelemetrySdkWithExporter(MetricExporter metricExporter) {
     return buildOpenTelemetrySdkWithExporter(
-        OtlpHttpSpanExporter.getDefault(), metricExporter, DEFAULT_OTEL_PROPERTIES_METRIC_EXPORTER);
+        OtlpHttpSpanExporter.getDefault(), metricExporter, defaultOtelPropertiesMetricExporter);
   }
 
   @SuppressWarnings("UnusedMethod")